problem 8.49 briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile or yield strength of a semicrystalline polymer and why: (a) molecular weight (b) degree of crystallinity (c) deformation by drawing

Answer:

in 102 g Al2O3 is 54g Al and 48g O

in 3×102g Al2O3 is 3×54g Al and 3×48g O

i.e.in 306g aluminium oxide there is 162g Al and 144 g O.

A 35.20g sample of liquid antimony at 747.0 celcius. The heat released in the process in KJ is 11.        
                             
The given sample of liquid antimony is cooled from 747.0°C to 28.0°C
Since the melting point of antimony is 631.0°C, the liquid is cooled from 747.0°C to 631.0°C, then the phase of antimony is changed from liquid to solid at 631.0°C, and temperature of solid is changed from 63 1.0C to 631 .0°C

Specific heat of solid and liquid antimony is 0.2090J/g^0C and    

and enthalpy of fusion at 631.0°C is 161.1 J/g.

Calculate the heat released in the overall procedure as follows:

Q=q^747.0° C to 631.0°C +Q solidifying at 631.0° C q631.0° C to 28.0°C

=mCΔT+(-mΔH^solidifying )+mcΔT

-35.20 gx0.2590 J/g°631.0°C-747.0°C)+(35.20 gx161.1 J/g)

=+35.20 g× 0.2090J/g^o C × (28.0°C-631.0°C)

=--1057.55 J -5670.72 J-4436.15 J

=11164.42 J

11.164 j                

Hence, the heat released in the process in kJ is 11

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The chemical equation of the dissociation of 0.036M HNO₂ solution is given below:

A chemical equation is an equation that uses the formula of compounds to show the reaction between substances to form products.

In a chemical equation, the reactants are written on the left-hand side of the equation, while the products are written on the right-hand side of the reaction.

Chemical equations are balanced by adding numerical coefficients in front of the compounds.

An example of a chemical equation is the equation of the dissociation of the acid nitrous acid, HNO₂.

The acid, nitrous acid, HNO₂ is a weak acid that dissociates partially to produce hydrogen ions.

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Answer:

A bit over 3⋅mol aluminum are required.

Explanation:

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Answer:

Explanation: Molar mass of ethanol = 46g/mole.

Moles of ethanol= 3.25 moles

Molality = moles of ethanol/ Mass of solvent in kg

Mass in kg = 828/1000kg=0.828

Molality= 3.25×0.828 Mol per kg

Molality=3.92 Mole/kg

m= mass of ethanol

moles= mass/molar mass

mass= moles ×molar mass

mass= 3.25×46= 149.5 gram

Answer:

14. 2NH4Cl(aq) + K2S(aq) => 2KCl(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq) 

15. 3KCl(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) = 3NaCl(aq) + K3PO4(aq)

Explanation:

14. 2NH4Cl(aq) + K2S(aq) => 2KCl(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq) 

NH4 = 2

Cl = 2

K = 2

S = 1

15. 3KCl(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) = 3NaCl(aq) + K3PO4(aq)

K = 3

Cl = 3

Na = 3

PO4 = 1

Answer:

B. Gases in the atmosphere.

Explanation:

Answer:

0.132 pm

Explanation:

De Broglie Wavelength is

[tex]{\displaystyle ~\lambda ={\frac {h}{mv}}.}[/tex]

or

wavelength = h / (m * v)

To calculate the De Broglie wavelength of a neutron traveling at 1% the speed of light, you will need to know the mass of the neutron and the speed of light. The mass of a neutron is about 1.675 x 10^-27 kilograms, and the speed of light is about 3.00*10^8 meters per second.

Plugging in these values, you get:

wavelength = 6.626 x 10^-34 J * s / (1.675 x 10^-27 kg * (0.01 * 3.00x10^8 m/s))

Simplifying this equation, you get:

wavelength = 1.3186x10^-13 meters

(1.3186x10^-13 meters) * (1 picometer / 10^-12 meter) =

0.132 picometers

Explanation:

a.yes

b.no

c.yes

d.no

e.yes

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It is a mixture of a weak acid or base and its conjugate, which is a salt of that acid or base. All of the given are correct.

When small amounts of acid or base are added to the buffer, the conjugate reacts with the acid or base, thus preventing a significant change in pH.

The following solutions will produce a buffer with a total volume of 1.0 liter:

1. A mixture of 0.1 moles of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and 0.1 moles of sodium acetate (CH3COONa). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 4.75 and 5.75.

2. A mixture of 0.1 moles of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and 0.1 moles of potassium phosphate (K2HPO4). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 2.12 and 7.19.

3. A mixture of 0.1 moles of ammonia (NH3) and 0.1 moles of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 9.24 and 10.75.

4. A mixture of 0.1 moles of boric acid (H3BO3) and 0.1 moles of sodium borate (Na2B4O7). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 9.2 and 9.7.

By combining the correct weak acid and its conjugate, each of the four solutions described above will produce a buffer with a total volume of 1.0 liter that resists changes in pH between the specified pH ranges.

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1. A mixture of 0.1 moles of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and 0.1 moles of sodium acetate (CH3COONa).

2. A mixture of 0.1 moles of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and 0.1 moles of potassium phosphate (K2HPO4).

3. A mixture of 0.1 moles of ammonia (NH3) and 0.1 moles of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).

4. A mixture of 0.1 moles of boric acid (H3BO3) and 0.1 moles of sodium borate (Na2B4O7).

The number of rads absorbed by the person 1.2 rads which is expressed using two significant figures.

The activity of the plutonium radioactivity is given in picocuries (pCi), which is a unit of radioactivity equal to 10^-12 curies. We can use the conversion factor 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10^10 dps to convert the activity of the radioactivity from picocuries to disintegrations per second:

Activity (dps) = (1 pCi) (3.7 x 10^10 dps/Ci) = 3.7 x 10^10 dps

The number of alpha particles emitted by the radioactivity in one year is equal to the activity of the radioactivity in disintegrations per second multiplied by the number of seconds in one year:

Number of alpha particles = (3.7 x 10^10 dps) (3.1536 x 10^7 s/year) = 1.16 x 10^18 alpha particles

Each alpha particle deposits 8.00 x 10^-13 J of energy into the tissue. The total energy deposited into the tissue by all of the alpha particles is equal to the number of alpha particles multiplied by the energy deposited by each alpha particle:

Total energy deposited = (1.16 x 10^18 alpha particles) (8.00 x 10^-13 J/alpha particle) = 9.28 x 10^4 J

The absorbed dose is the energy deposited into the tissue per kilogram of tissue. The absorbed dose for the person is equal to the total energy deposited into the tissue divided by the mass of the person in kilograms:

Absorbed dose (rads) = (9.28 x 10^4 J) / (75 kg) = 1.23 rads

Since the absorbed dose has only two significant figures, we should round our answer to two significant figures as well. The absorbed dose is therefore 1.2 rads.

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Answer:

To find the molarity of a 5% vinegar solution, you first need to determine the mass of acetic acid in the solution. To do this, you can multiply the mass of the solution by the mass fraction of acetic acid.

The mass fraction of acetic acid in a 5% vinegar solution is 5%, or 0.05. The mass of the solution is the density of the solution multiplied by the volume of the solution. Since the density of the solution is 1.01 g/mL, you can use the following formula to calculate the mass of the solution:

Mass of solution = density * volume

Once you have the mass of the solution, you can use the following formula to calculate the mass of acetic acid in the solution:

Mass of acetic acid = mass of solution * mass fraction of acetic acid

Once you have the mass of acetic acid, you can use the molar mass of acetic acid to calculate the number of moles of acetic acid in the solution. Finally, you can use the volume of the solution to calculate the molarity of the solution using the following formula:

Molarity = number of moles / volume

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.

The chemical reaction given in the equation is a double replacement reaction. In a double replacement reaction, two elements in two different compounds switch places to form two new compounds.

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The bond dissociation energy of 543 kJ/mol for a N-H bond in NH3. Hence, the answer is A. 543 kJ.

The bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 can be calculated using the information from the following reaction and the data provided. The equation for the reaction is:

NH3 → H2 + N.

The bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 can be calculated by subtracting the sum of the bond energies of the C-H and C-C bonds in NH3 from the sum of the bond energies of the O-H and C=O bonds in H2 and N.

The bond energies of the C-H and C-C bonds in NH3 are 414 kJ/mol and 347 kJ/mol, respectively. The bond energies of the O-H and C=O bonds in H2 and N are 464 kJ/mol and 736 kJ/mol, respectively.

Therefore, the bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 can be calculated by subtracting the sum of 414 kJ/mol and 347 kJ/mol from the sum of 464 kJ/mol and 736 kJ/mol.

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The balanced reaction with correct coefficients for the given chemical reaction is given as,

4Sb + 3O₂ → Sb₄O₆

H₂S + Cl₂ → S + 2HCl

Balanced chemical equations are defined as the equations that have the same number and type of each atom on both sides of the equation. The coefficients in a balanced equation must be in the simplest whole number ratio. In a balanced chemical equation mass is always conserved.

The equation Sb + O₂ → Sb₄O₆ is written after balancing as 4Sb + 3O₂ → Sb₄O₆. Therefore, its coefficients are 4 and 3.

The equation H₂S + Cl₂ → S + HCl is written after balancing as H₂S + Cl₂ → S + 2HCl. Therefore, its coefficient is 2.

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The Kp of the reaction is  7.8 * 10^4.

We know that the equilibrium constant of the reaction has to do with the manner in which the reactant can nbe able to be converted into products. In this case, we are looking at the reaction in which we are having the production of the ICl molecule.

Let us recall that;

∆G = -RTlnK

∆G = change in free energy

R = gas constant

T = absolute temperature

K = equilibrium constant.

When we substitute the values, we would now have;

lnKp =∆G/-RT

lnKp = -27.9 * 10^3/-(298 * 8.314)

lnKp = 11.3

Kp = 7.8 * 10^4

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1. The water potential of the solution would be - 9.68 bars.

2. The net flow of water would be from the root into the solution.

The water potential of a solution is the tendency of water molecules to move from one solution into another solution when the two are separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

The solute potential of the solution can be calculated as:

solute potential = -iCRT. Where i is the van 't Hoff index, C is the molarity, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

For the solution, C = 0.4 M, T = 22 + 273 = 295 K

Solute potential = 1 x 0.4 x 0.082 x 295

                           = - 9.68 bars

Since the pressure potential of the solution is zero (no physical pressure is applied to the solution), the solute potential is the same as the water potential of the solution.

Now, the solution has a water potential of -9.68 bars while the root has a water potential of -5.4 bars. This means that the root has more water potential than the solution. Thus, water molecules will move from the root into the solution.

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The carboxylic acid are the functional groups generally causes a compound to have the HIGHEST boiling point, assuming the molecular weight is constant.

Carboxylic acids have better boiling factors than aldehydes, ketones or even alcohols of similar molecular mass. It is because of their. More large affiliation of carboxylic acid thru van der Waals pressure of attraction.

Carboxylic acids have better boiling factor than carbonyl compounds and alcohols because of the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Since carboxylic acids can shape a couple of set of hydrogen bonds, their boiling factors are typically better than the ones of different molecules of the identical molecular weight (MW). This could bring about a better temperature at which boiling could occur. We can see that the most important carboxylic acid from our solution alternatives is pentanoic acid.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

The first reaction in the Citric Acid cycle is the reaction between acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate. This reaction is irreversible, which means that once acetyl-CoA enters the cycle, it must complete the cycle. This step is irreversible because it is highly exergonic.

The reactive metals will quickly react with all three of the salt, oxygen, and strong bases. Therefore, option D is correct.

Metal can be described as a material that, when freshly prepared, and polished shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically ductile and malleable. These properties are the result of the metallic bond between the molecules of the metal.

Metal can be a chemical element such as iron and an alloy such as stainless steel, and a molecular compound such as polymeric sulfur nitride.

Metals are inclined to create cations through electron loss. Most will react with oxygen in the air to produce oxides. Some others, such as platinum, palladium, and gold, do not react with the atmosphere.

The oxides of metals are basic, as opposed to those of nonmetals are acidic or neutral. Therefore, reactive metals react with oxygen and strong bases.

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The ionization energy decrease from right to left in the period as the effective nuclear charge decreases. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

The ionization energy of an element can be described as the minimum amount of energy that is needed by an electron to come out of the influence of the nuclear charge of a gaseous atom.

In general, as we move from left to right in a period on the modern periodic table, the atomic number of an atom increases. While moving from left to right in a period, there is an increase in the effective nuclear charge while the electron enters the same shell.

As the effective nuclear charge of an element is increasing large amount of energy is needed to knock out the electron from an atom which is known as ionization energy.

Therefore, as we move right to left the number of protons is lesser so the valence electrons can move farther away from the nucleus causing a decrease in ionization energy.

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The element of phosphorus is having atomic number 15. So, there are 15 protons and 15 electrons. In the P-32 isotope, there are 17 (32 - 15 = 17) neutrons

The nucleus of P-32(phosphorus-32) contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons

one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus and phosphorus-31. Phosphorus-32 only exists in small quantities on Earth as it has a short half-life of 14 days and so decays rapidly.

Key Points:

1. Atoms: Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, while electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral.

3. You can easily find the number of neutrons if you know the isotope of the atom. You have to subtract the number of protons (the atomic number) from the mass number to find the remaining neutrons.

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Sunflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, and butter all have different iodine numbers. Sunflower oil has the highest iodine number, followed by corn oil, peanut oil, and butter. Therefore, butter would have the lowest iodine number.

Butter is a saturated fat, meaning it is composed of molecules that are completely saturated with hydrogen. This saturation means that there are no double-bonded carbon atoms, and thus, no unsaturation. As a result, butter has a very low iodine number, typically around 10-15.

Sunflower oil, on the other hand, is a polyunsaturated fat. This means that it contains many double-bonded carbon atoms, which increases its iodine number. Sunflower oil typically has an iodine number of around 100-140.

Corn oil and peanut oil have iodine numbers that fall between sunflower oil and butter. Corn oil usually has an iodine number of about 80-110, while peanut oil has an iodine number of around 70-90.

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B) Al because the large difference between the third and forth ionization energies.

What is ionization energy?

Ionization energy (also called ionization potential) is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule in chemistry and physics. There is an ionization energy for each successively removed electron. However, the ionization energy associated with the removal of the first (most loosely held) electron is most commonly used.

The ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules or electron volts, is usually measured in a discharge tube in which rapidly moving electrons produced by an electric current collide with gas atoms of the element, releasing one of them will be electronic.

B) Al because the large difference between the third and forth ionization energies.

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The following figures demonstrate this relationship (under pressure constant):  = ΔSsurr = - ΔHsys/T, ΔSsurr = - qsys/T.

In this temperature range, the reaction is not spontaneous.When Suniv = 0, a system exists in a certain state.The quantity of energy that is distributed when heat is transmitted from of the system to a surroundings is greater whenever the temperature is lower.

Entropy is defined as the quantity that quantifies how evenly all of a system's energy will be distributed throughout all possible microstates at any given time.

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The electronic configuration of nickel is [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s².

What is electronic configuration?

The arrangement of electrons within an atom's orbitals is known as its electronic configuration. The atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in every neutral atom, is the set quantity of electrons that make up each neutral atom.

What is Nickel ?

A hard silver-white metallic element that can be hammered into shape, polished to a high sheen, is resistant to wearing away, and is mostly utilized in alloys.

Therefore, the electronic configuration of nickel is [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s².

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Answer: False

Explanation: Certain types of rocks are light and gravity can hold them down,

For example: A pencil is on the desk due to the gravity pulling it down.

      =)

Answer:

Explanation:

The measure of energy used in electrochemistry is the cell potential (ecell), which is the difference in electrical potential between two electrodes. A common term for this difference in electrical potential is voltage or emf.

The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of lead(II) nitrate and barium bromide is,

    Pb2+ (aq.)  + 2Br-(aq.) -------------> PbBr2

Lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 and barium bromide, BaBr2, are soluble in aqueous solution. This which means that they dissociate completely to form cations and anions when dissolved in water.

Pb(NO2)3 (aq.) + BaBr2(aq.) -----------> PbBr2 (s) + Ba(NO3)2 (aq.)

Balanced net ionic equation for the reaction is the chemical equation that shows only those elements, compounds, and ions that are directly involved in the chemical reaction. Net ionic equations must be balanced by both mass and charge. Balancing by mass means ensuring that there are equal masses of each element on the product and reactant sides. Balancing by charge means making sure that the overall charge is the same on both sides of the equation.

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