The Meselson and Stahl Experiment served as a test to demonstrate semiconservative DNA replication. To explore DNA replication, Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed an experiment in 1958 using the fast-diverging E. coli bacterium.
Who established semiconservative DNA replication?Mathew Meselson and Franklin Stahl established in 1985 that DNA replication is semi-conservative. They carried out their experiment on Escherichia coli bacteria.
How did the Meselson-Stall experiment demonstrate the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?The semiconservative way of DNA replication is indicated by the lighter strand, which is the new one generated from the culture, and the heavier strand, which stands in for the parents. The replication of DNA in this way proved to be semiconservative.
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most water-soluble hormones exert their effects through the second messenger cyclic amp (camp). this activity will test your understanding of the events that occur during camp signaling.
The correct sequence of events of cAMP signaling are:
1. Water-soluble hormone binds receptor
2. Receptor activates
3. G protein activates
4. Adenylate cyclase
5. cAMP activates
Detailed steps in the events of cAMP signaling are:
G protein coupled receptor is an indispensable protein that is initiated by various outer improvements which ties with the particular ligand.Extracellular ligand causes actuation of GPCR which thusly is answerable for conformational change in the receptor and permits it to tie with the intracellular heterotrimeric G protein complex.The Gα animate G protein complex to trade Gross domestic product for GTP and afterward the complex is delivered.Actuated Gα ties with adenylate cyclase and catalyzes ATP to shape cyclic AMP.Enactment of cAMP prompts the initiation of nucleotide gated particle channel, and PKa(Protein kinase A) which is likewise called as cAMP ward catalyst.Once, PKA is activated, it causes phospholylation of different proteins like AMPA receptor, transcription factors which control quality articulation, and convert glycogen into glucose.To know more about cAMP signaling ,visit here:
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(Complete question) is:
Most water-soluble hormones exert their effects through the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP). This activity will test your understanding of the events that occur during cAMP signaling. Drag the events of cAMP signaling in the correct sequence from left to right.- Adenylate cyclase, Water-soluble hormone binds receptor, Receptor activates, cAMP activates, G protein activates.
Answer with true or false and correct the false one(s). 1. Saliva is produced by small intestine. 2. The gastric juice is responsible of liquefaction of meat. 3. Iodine water give a yellow color without starch. 4. The plant synthesis organic matter in the roots. 5. The crude sap and elaborated sap pass through conducting vessels. 6. Crude sap is a solution rich with starch and mineralp salts..
Saliva is a clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.
Gastric juice is a secretion of the gastric glands that includes hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and mucus. The gastric juice aids in the digestion of food substances such as meat.
A solution of iodine in water has a light yellow, orange or brown coloration. The presence of starch turns this solution purple or violet.
Green plants synthesize organic material (sugar or carbohydrates) in their leaves where they undergo photosynthesis.
Crude sap is the sap of a plant that rises from the roots to the leaves. It passes through conducting vessels such as xylem and phloem in the plant.
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which of the following occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? group of answer choices krebs cycle calvin cycle glycolysis electron transport chain
The procedure familiar in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration is Glycolysis and is oxygen independent.
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. In this process glucose breaks down to form pyruvate, a three carbon molecule.
Glycolysis is a routine step for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It takes place in the cytoplasm and is independant of the presence or absence of oxygen. Two molecules of pyruvic acid/ pyruvate is formed as the end product of glycolysis.
In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net product of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis.
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HELP! Susan hypothesized that robins prefer large birdhouses to small ones. She built four birdhouses of different sizes to test her hypothesis. What was the independent variable?
Answer:
the independent variable is the size of the birdhouse. Susan built four birdhouses of different sizes in order to test her hypothesis that robins prefer large birdhouses to small ones. The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter in order to test a hypothesis. In this case, Susan is manipulating the size of the birdhouses to see if it affects the behavior of the robins.
The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals ________ the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals ________ the CNS.
toward, also toward away from, also away from
away from, toward toward, away from
The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals towards the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals away from the CNS.
The peripheral nervous system( PNS) provides 2- way communication between the CNS( brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. It consists of 12 couplets of cranial nerves, pairs of spinal roots and spinal nerves, autonomic nerve caddies with associated ganglia, nerve plexuses, and nerves.
The somatic system is the part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for carrying sensory and motor data to and from the central nervous system. Afferent neurons convey information from sensory receptors of the skin and distinct organs to the central nervous system( i.e., brain and spinal cord), whereas efferent neurons carry motor information down from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body.
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In our current day, one of the antibiotics used to treat typhoid fever is azithromycin. azithromycin works by binding to the large (50s) ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translation in s. typhi. this mode of action is most similar to which of the following antibiotics?
- Tetracycline
- Quinolones
- Sulfa drugs
- Penicilin
- Vancomycin
Azithromycin inhibits translation in S. Typhi by binding to the large (50S) ribosomal subunit. This mechanism of action is most similar to that of Sulfa drugs.
Sulfa drugs work by binding to and preventing a specific enzyme known as dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). This enzyme is essential for the synthesis of folate, a nutrient. Mammals get their folate from their diet, but bacteria must synthesize it.
Sulfonamides, also known as "sulfa drugs," are a class of antibiotics that treat bacterial infections.
Sulfa drug, also known as sulfonamide, any of a class of synthetic antibiotics with the sulfanilamide molecular structure. Sulfa drugs were among the first chemical compounds that were used systematically to prevent and treat bacterial infections in humans.
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7.
The figure below shows a spring with a wave
traveling through it.
Wave Direction
Stretched
Compressed
Which type of wave is illustrated?
A. SOund
B transverse
C longitudinal
D electromagnetic
Answer: sound wave.
Explanation:
This is a microscopic image of an animal tissue.
Which type of animal tissue is shown in the image?
OA. Epithelial tissue
B. Muscular tissue
C. Nervous tissue
O D. Connective tissues
Answer:
A) Epithelial Tissue
Explanation:
Epithelial tissue is made up of layers of tightly packed cells that line the surfaces of the body for protection, secretion, and absorption. Examples of epithelial tissue include the skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the lining of the digestive system.
if you do not account for ____, you may conclude that the distribution of stars in the sky provides evidence that we are located at the center of the milky way. A) differential rotation
B) dark matter
C) gravity
D) dust
if you do not account for D) dust, you may conclude that the distribution of stars in the sky provides evidence that we are located at the center of the milky way.
The center of our own galaxy may be one of the Universe's most strange spots. To find out what's going on there, astronomers have to poke through the thick dust. Astronomers trying to figure out where exactly all of the radiation in the center of the Milky Way comes from and what causes it find it challenging because of all that dust.
If we do not account for this dust, The place of the sun in the Smooth Manner can be additionally nailed somewhere near estimating the distance to every one of the stars we can see. William Herschel, an astronomer who worked toward this goal toward the end of the 18th century, came to the conclusion that the earth was at the center of a "grindstone"-shaped cloud of stars.
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the images represent ecosystems in the eastern united states. rank the ecosystems by their ability to remove and store carbon, from greatest to least.
The mangrove forest which holds the most Carbon dioxide followed by forest shown by second image and at last the vegetation on farms holds and releases the least amount of Carbon dioxide.
Carbon is transferred through one storage reservoir to another through a range of mechanisms. Plants, for example, transfer carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the biome via photosynthesis in the food chain. They use solar energy to chemically incorporate carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen from water to form sugar molecules. Animals that consume plants metabolize the sugar molecules to obtain energy. Respiration, excretion, and decomposition all return carbon to the atmosphere or soil, thus completing the cycle.
Erosion, for example, releases carbon into the atmosphere slowly, whereas volcanic activity releases it quickly. Another way to quickly release carbon into the atmosphere is to burn fossil fuels in automobiles or power plants.
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What are the 2 steps of the mitotic phase?
Summarize how often cells divide:
Explore: Cell Division (p.5)
What does the cell do when not in the mitotic phase?
Explore: Cell Division (p.7)
__________ in animal cells involves the pinching of the cell's __________ until the two newly formed cells separate.
Explore: Cell Division (p.8)
Cytokinesis in __________ cells involves the building of a new cell __________ and cell membranes between the two newly formed nuclei.
Fleming divided mitosis into two broad parts: a progressive phase, during which the chromosomes condensed and aligned at the center of the spindle, and a regressive phase, during which the sister chromatids separated.
Happy Holidays!!
identify 1 thing that you could reasonably and personally commit to doing that could reduce your carbon footprint.
If the first cause in a series of effective causes were to disappear, the subsequent causes would be rendered impossible.
Which statement accurately compares two divisions of geologic time?
OA. Eras are longer than eons.
B. Epochs are longer than eras.
C. Periods are longer than eons.
D. Eras are longer than periods.
Answer is D :Eras are longer than periods.
Explanation:
1. Which of the following conditions does not lead to a change in gene expression patterns in bacteria cells? A. Sporulation B.Heat shock C.Nutrient availability D.Nitrogen deprivation E.None of the choices are correct
Sporulation conditions do not lead to a change in gene expression patterns in bacteria cells.
Sporulation is a strategy used by a wide range of organisms to respond to shifts in their personal environmental subcultures and sustain in time and/or space until conditions suitable for vegetative growth are met. Sporulation is primarily triggered by nutrient deficiency; however, this process necessitates the expenditure of energy. Sporulation creates a multilayered framework that can be sustained for an extended period of time.
Gene expression refers to the procedure by which a gene's information is utilized in the formation of a fully functioning gene product, allowing it to generate end products such as protein or non-coding RNA and, as a result, affect a phenotype. The method by which a gene in a cell is activated to produce RNA and proteins.
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Pain receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron, & effector muscle.
Which of the above terms would be different if the reflex were a balance reflex? What term would you substitute?
Sensory neuron is responsible for the transport of signal from the receptor to the interneuron which is then connected with the motor neuron.
What term would you substitute?In a reflex arc, the receptors present in the skin receive stimulus and generate afferent impulse. The sensory neuron transmits the impulse to the interneuron. Interneuron is present in the spinal cord and activates it. The interneuron then sends back the impulse through the motor neurons to effectors whcih are present in the muscles for the response. Sensory receptors → sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons. Justine took a sip of milk and immediately spat it out because she realized it had soured. The path of the messages is sensory receptors → sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons, in her nervous system which cause this reaction. Sensory Receptor is that part of the nervous system that responds to stimuli Sensory Neuron is that type of neuron that carries messages from special receptors to the central nervous systemInterneuron is the type of neuron that connects sensory and motor neurons.Motor Neuron is the type of neuron that carries messages from the central nervous system to effectors.To learn more about neuron refer to:
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TRUE/FALSE. if the concentration of hydrogen ions (h ) outside of the thylakoids were equal to the concentration of h inside the thylakoids, how would it affect the chloroplasts? (4 points) the chloroplasts would release excess o2. the chloroplasts would be unable to generate atp. the chloroplasts would make more glucose molecules. the chloroplasts would make more nadph than usual.
Answer:
False. The chloroplasts would be unable to generate ATP.
Question 3 A Amylase is a protein that catalyzes the conversion of starch to simple sugars. Amylase activity in an aqueous solution can be measured by using iodine as a starch indicator. A solution containing iodine and starch will have a dark blue color, whereas a solution containing iodine but no starch will have a light brown color. The color change of an iodine solution from dark blue to light brown can be used to measure the rate at which starch is converted to simple sugars. A student designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental pH on amylase function. The design of the experiment is presented in Table 1. Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube V as a control in the experiment? (A) It will provide a measurement of amylase activity at an acidic pH. (B) It will provide a measurement of amylase activity at a basic pH. (C) It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of enzyme activity. (D) It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of the amylase protein.
Enzyme catalysis can be identified by measuring the appearance of the product or the elimination of the reactants.
How is starch's amylase activity determined?
The activity of amylase in saliva samples will be determined by calculating the rate at which the substrate (starch) is broken down. Starch and iodine mix easily to produce a purple color. We will use a spectrophotometer to quantitatively evaluate the intensity of the purple color.
How can the presence of amylase in a solution be determined?
In contrast to glucose, iodine generates a blue to black complex with starch instead of reacting with glucose. When iodine is added to a glucose solution, only a red or yellow tinge is visible. As a result, the amylase enzyme is working more swiftly as starch loses its blue color.
Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube V as a control in the experiment?
The following justification, designated as option C, best supports the use of test tube v as a control in the experiment because it will demonstrate the color shift that happens in the absence of enzyme activity.
Describe an enzyme.
This is referred to as a biological catalyst, and it helps to increase the rate of a process by reducing the energy required to start it.
The test tube v is included in the experiment as a control since enzymes are known to be proteinous in nature and are denatured by heat and other chemicals. This will allow the experiment to display the color shift that takes place in the absence of enzyme activity.
This makes it easier to distinguish between the enzymatic processes that happen in a substance or body, making option C the right one.
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Question :- 1
A Amylase is a protein that catalyzes the conversion of starch to simple sugars. Amylase activity in an aqueous solution can be measured by using iodine as a starch indicator. A solution containing iodine and starch will have a dark blue color, whereas a solution containing iodine but no starch will have a light brown color. The color change of an iodine solution from dark blue to light brown can be used to measure the rate at which starch is converted to simple sugars.
Question :- 2
A student designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental pH on amylase function. The design of the experiment is presented in Table 1.
Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube V as a control in the experiment?
(A) It will provide a measurement of amylase activity at an acidic pH.
(B) It will provide a measurement of amylase activity at a basic pH.
(C) It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of enzyme activity.
(D) It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of the amylase protein.
What is the action of the Scalenes?
determine the results from a cross of a mother and a father who are both heterozygous for freckles. (some labels may not be used.)
Answer:
Uh so x=freckles and there are 26 letters in the alphabet the z is the last what else is last a rotten egg whose the rotten egg not me its the down bad mother and father that want freckles so the result of your wander is Andrew tate
Explanation:
its about drive
Pepsin and trypsin are two of the digestive enzymes that break down protein. A group of students studied the pH requirements of these enzymes. The graph below shows the results. The students found that pepsin functions best in an acid environment and trypsin functions best in a neutral environment. Based on their observations, pepsin most likely aids in digestion in which part of the human body?answer choicesO pancreasO intestinesO mouthO stomach
Based on their observation, pepsin most likely aids in digestion in the d. stomach of the human body.
In the field of biology, digestion is a process by which food is broken down.
The stomach is the part of the body that is actively involved in the digestion of food. Hydrochloric acid is an active part of the stomach and hence the pH of this stomach is acidic.
As pepsin is an enzyme that works in an acidic environment, hence we know that pepsin actively takes part in digestion in the stomach. As trypsin works in a neutral environment hence it cannot work in the stomach.
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Describe where in the digestive system each macromolecule is broken down
Answer: The different macromolecules can be subdivided by the small intestine's own group of digesting enzymes. Also, auxiliary exocrine organs like the pancreas create their own set of pancreatic enzymes that aid small intestine absorption.
HELP ME! Some organisms like squirrels will give a warning call if a predator is near. Why do squirrels do this if they threaten their own existence?
In order to defend themselves and their homes, squirrels make noise and give a warning call if a predator is near.
Why do squirrels make sound if a predator is near?The squirrel will begin producing warning sounds when the predator is close by and moving toward its territory. It is said that they sound like a sequence of barking calls. These noises may be a buzz, which sounds more like a fast sound coming from the nose. They produce screeches, rattles, barks, or snorts as their alarm calls. These noises are quite faint and hardly audible.
By doing this, the odds of the group surviving can be increased, and danger can be avoided. While alarming the group could put one squirrel in danger, there are benefits to doing so as well.
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TRUE/FALSE. heritability is a measure of the degree to which the phenotypic variation of a giden trait is due to genetic factors
It is true that heritability is a measure of the degree to which the phenotypic variation of a given trait is due to genetic factors.
In the fields of breeding and genetics, a statistic known as heritability is used to estimate the amount of variation in a phenotypic trait that is caused by genetic variation between individuals in a population.
Intelligence, height, and eye color are examples of traits, as are disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
Estimates of heritability range from 0 to 1. A heritability near zero shows that practically all of the fluctuation in a characteristic among individuals is because of ecological elements, with very little impact from hereditary contrasts.
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Practice: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Comparison
Fill in the chart below, showing the similarities and differences between these two processes.
the process by which organism combine oxygen with food molecules diverting the chemical energy in this substance into life sustaining activities discarding
of waste product carbon dioxide water
Explanation:
photosynthesis is a process which is used for plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy that in to through cellular respiration
if a mutation is made within the active site of an enzyme resulting in a decrease in km, which of the following will be true with respect to the enzyme kinetics? The Vmax of the reaction will increase
The concentration of substrate needed to reach ½ Vmax will not change
The enzyme will require a higher substrate concentration to reach ½ Vmax
The enzyme will require a lower substrate concentration to reach ½Vmax
A mutation is made within the active site of an enzyme resulting in a decrease in km, which of the following will be true with respect to the enzyme kinetics. The Vmax of the reaction will increase when the enzyme will require a lower substrate concentration to reach 1/2 Vmax.
A mutation might or might not have an effect on an organism's phenotype, or its outward features. Evolution, cancer, and the maturation of the immune system, including junctional variation, are among the beneficial and ill biological processes in which mutations take part. All genetic variety results through mutation, which also provides the justification for the action of forces of evolution like natural selection.
The complete question is:
If a mutation is made within the active site of an enzyme resulting in a decrease in Km, which of the following will be true with respect to the enzyme kinetics?
a) The concentration of substrate needed to reach 1/2 Vmax will not change
b) The enzyme will require a higher substrate concentration to reach 1/2 Vmax
c) The enzyme will require a lower substrate concentration to reach 1/2 Vmax
d) The Vmax of the reaction will increase
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6. A supermarket trolley has a mass of 20 kg.
When pushed by a force of 15 N it accelerates
at 0.5 m/s².
a) Calculate the resultant force on the trolley
that gives it this acceleration.
b) What is the friction force on the trolley?
The resultant force on the trolley that gives it this acceleration is 10N and the friction force on the trolley is 5N.
What do you mean by acceleration?Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object. Moreover, when an object changes speed or direction, we call this acceleration.
Force = mass x acceleration
Acceleration = Force / mass
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. Remember, velocity has two components: speed and direction. Acceleration is positive when a body speeds up and is negative when the body slows down. Positive acceleration is directed along the direction of velocity.
Thus, the resultant force on the trolley that gives it this acceleration is 10N and the friction force on the trolley is 5N.
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Determine the amount of photosynthesis and respiration a plant would undergo at different light levels. Place the labels in the table. Labels may be used more than once. R Light level Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration high 0% PAR medium 50% PAR ol Il low 150% PAR
Photosynthesis is the process through which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then released to power the organism's activities through cellular respiration.
Photosynthesizing organisms include green plants, cyanobacteria (previously known as blue-green algae), and numerous types of algae that primarily perform phytoplankton photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis:
0% PAR - LITTLE
MEDIAN - 50% PAR
150% PAR - EXTREME
The process by which cells breathe:
Though not light-dependent, it happens in conjunction with photosynthesis and can proceed in the absence of sunlight. However, because less glucose is available, the rate of cellular respiration may slow (Usually, glucose levels are high during photosynthesis). It occurs in mitochondria.
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metagenomics helps researchers to better understand viral diversity. check all of the correct statements about this approach and what we have learned.
correct statements about metagenomics approach are:
a. In one liter of coastal water, there are 10 times more viruses than bacteria
b. Since only a small fraction of viruses cause disease in animals and plants, it is hard to isolate viruses.
The study of the structure and function of complete nucleotide sequences that have been isolated and analyzed from all of the organisms—typically microbes—in a bulk sample is known as metagenomics. For virus metagenomics, soil and water are good sources. As a non-targeted diagnostic and surveillance tool, clinical samples can also be used with metagenomics. Metagenomics provides invaluable insights into the virus-host interactions, epidemiology, ecology, and evolution of viruses across all ecosystems by enabling the study of these uncultivated viruses.
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in the signaling pathway shown, inositol triphosphate (ip3) acts as a second messenger. which of the following best describes how an increase of ip3 affects cellular response? influx of ca2 increases and leads to activation of other signaling pathways. ip3-gated calcium channels close and decrease cellular responses. phospholipase c increases its activity to produce more second messengers. signaling molecules stop binding to protein receptors until ip3 decreases.
In the signaling pathway shown, inositol triphosphate (IP3) acts as a second messenger. Influx of Ca2+ increases and leads to activation of other signaling pathways.
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP3 or Ins3P or IP3 is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC). Together with diacylglycerol (DAG), IP3 is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells.
While DAG stays inside the membrane, IP3 is soluble and diffuses through the cell, where it binds to its receptor, which is a calcium channel located in the endoplasmic reticulum. When IP3 binds its receptor, calcium is released into the cytosol, thereby activating various calcium regulated intracellular signals.
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a resting neuron is an unstimulated neuron that is not presently generating an action potential. the resting membrane potential is the separation of the relative positive and negative charges across the membrane of a cell at rest. drag the charges to the correct side of the membrane to represent the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron.
The charges which develop outside the cell and inside the cell is b)+,- .So, correct option is b.
A neuron very still is adversely charged: within a cell is roughly 70 millivolts more negative than the outside (−70 mV, note that this number fluctuates by neuron type and by species). This voltage is known as the resting membrane potential; it is brought about by contrasts in the convergences of particles inside and outside the cell. Assuming that the film were similarly porous to all particles, each kind of particle would stream across the layer and the framework would arrive at balance.
The resting membrane potential is a consequence of various focuses inside and outside the cell. The distinction in the quantity of decidedly charged potassium particles (K+) inside and outside the cell rules the resting layer potential.
Hence, option b is correct
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(Complete question) is:
a resting neuron is an unstimulated neuron that is not presently generating an action potential. the resting membrane potential is the separation of the relative positive and negative charges across the membrane of a cell at rest. drag the charges to the correct side of the membrane to represent the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron. What charges develop outside and inside the cell?
a)+,+
b)+,-
c)-,-
d)-,+