Answer:
A) Wood burning
system : Wood.
surroundings : atmosphere
Enthalpy : Exothermic
B) Water Freezing system
System : Refrigerator
surroundings : water in the refrigerator
enthalpy change : Endothermic
C) Sweat evaporating
System : Human being
surroundings : Air nearby
Enthalpy change : exothermic
D) Chemical Hand-warmer
system : Hand warmer pack
Surroundings : human palms
Enthalpy Change : Exothermic
Explanation:
A) Wood burning
system : Wood
surroundings : atmosphere
Enthalpy : Exothermic
This system give away energy to its surroundings hence its enthalpy change is exothermic
B) Water Freezing system
System : Refrigerator
surroundings : water in the refrigerator
enthalpy change : Endothermic
The system absorbs heat from what is put inside(surroundings ) of it hence this is na endothermic system
C) Sweat evaporating
System : Human being
surroundings : Air nearby
Enthalpy change : exothermic
This is an exothermic reaction ( enthalpy change ) because the system gives out heat to the surrounding
D) Chemical Hand-warmer
system : Hand warmer pack
Surroundings : human palms
Enthalpy Change : Exothermic
There is movement of heat from the system to the surrounding hence it is an exothermic reaction
photoluminescent green carbon nanodots from food-waste-derived sources: large-scale synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications
Using simple and environmentally friendly synthesis approach, we can produce approximately 120 g of G-dots per 100 kg of food waste.
Because of the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups on their surface, G-dots are highly soluble in water. Because of similar quantum effects and emission traps on the surfaces, the narrow band of photoluminescence emission (400-470 nm) confirms that the size of the G-dots (∼4 nm) is small. G-dots have excellent photostability; their photoluminescence intensity decreases slowly (∼8%) after 10 days of continuous excitation with a Xe lamp. We performed a cell viability assay to evaluate the effect of cytotoxicity by introducing G-dots into cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), mouse muscle cells, and African green monkey kidney cells (COS-7) for 24 hours.
These G-dots are excellent probes for in vitro bioimaging due to their high photostability and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, byproducts of G-dot synthesis from large food-waste derived sources aided in the growth and development of seedlings germinated on 3DW-supplemented gauze. G-dots hold great promise in a variety of fields, including biomedical imaging, solution state optoelectronics, and plant seed germination and/or growth, due to the advantages of green synthesis, high aqueous stability, high photostability, and low cytotoxicity.
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The sign of ∆H for the process NaCl(l) → NaCl(s) is
A. negative and the process is endothermic
B. positive and the process is exothermic
C. positive and the process is endothermic
D. negative and the process is exothermic
Answer:
The sign of ΔH is negative and reaction is exothermic so correct option is D.
Explanation:
Chemical reactions are endothermic if the heat of reaction is written on the reactant side of the equation. The heat of the reaction in exothermic reactions is written on the product side. The energy that is either released or absorbed when chemicals are changed in a chemical reaction is known as the heat of reaction. The heat of reaction, also known as reaction enthalpy, is frequently given as either specific enthalpy in kJ/kg or kJ/L or as molar enthalpy in kJ/mol.
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The process's H indication The reaction of NaCl(l) NaCl(s) is positive and endothermic.
The process of melting salt is endothermic.
Gibbs free energy is connected to enthalpy change and entropy change at constant temperature in the following ways:
ΔG= ΔH– TΔS
The given reaction is,
NaCl (l) → NaCl(g)
Now, we know that, as we move from solid to liquid and liquid to gas, entropy increases.
Thus, in the given reaction, entropy increases.
Also, if ΔG> 0, reaction is never spontaneous, and if ΔG< 0, reaction is spontaneous.
Now, as ΔS is positive, so, ΔG will be negative i.e. exothermic if and only if ΔH is negative.
Therefore, the correct option is negative and the process is exothermic. The reaction is as follows: NaCl(l) NaCl (g)
We now know that entropy rises as a substance changes state from solid to liquid and then from liquid to gas.
Entropy so rises in the process described.
Additionally, a reaction is always spontaneous if G > 0, and never if G 0.
Since S is now positive, G will only be exothermic, or negative, if H is also negative.
As a result, the process is exothermic, and the right answer is negative.
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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most commercially important polymers. PVC is made by addition polymerization of vinyl chloride ( C2H3Cl ). Vinyl chloride is synthesized from ethylene ( C2H4 ) in a two-step process involving the following equilibria:
Equilibrium 1: C2H4(g)+Cl2(g)⇌C2H4Cl2(g)
Equilibrium 2: C2H4Cl2(g)⇌C2H3Cl(g)+HCl(g)
Use bond energies to estimate the enthalpy change, ΔrH for Equilibrium 1.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most commercially important polymers. PVC is made by addition polymerization of vinyl chloride ( C2H3Cl ). Vinyl chloride is synthesized from ethylene ( C2H4 ) in a two-step process involving the following equilibria:
Equilibrium 1: C2H4(g)+Cl2(g)⇌C2H4Cl2(g)
Equilibrium 2: C2H4Cl2(g)⇌C2H3Cl(g)+HCl(g)
Part B
Use bond energies to estimate the enthalpy change, ΔrH for Equilibrium 1.
Part C
Use bond energies to estimate the enthalpy change, ΔrH , for Equilibrium 2.
Answer:
To estimate the enthalpy change for Equilibrium 1, we need to calculate the bond energies for the reactants and products of the reaction and use them to determine the change in enthalpy.
The bond energies for the reactants of Equilibrium 1 are:
C2H4(g): 412 kJ/mol
Cl2(g): 243 kJ/mol
The bond energies for the products of Equilibrium 1 are:
C2H4Cl2(g): 575 kJ/mol
We can use these bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change for Equilibrium 1 as follows:
ΔrH = [C2H4Cl2(g)] - ([C2H4(g)] + [Cl2(g)])
ΔrH = 575 kJ/mol - (412 kJ/mol + 243 kJ/mol)
ΔrH = 120 kJ/mol
Therefore, the enthalpy change for Equilibrium 1 is approximately 120 kJ/mol.
For Equilibrium 2, the bond energies for the reactants are:
C2H4Cl2(g): 575 kJ/mol
The bond energies for the products are:
C2H3Cl(g): 328 kJ/mol
HCl(g): 432 kJ/mol
We can use these bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change for Equilibrium 2 as follows:
ΔrH = ([C2H3Cl(g)] + [HCl(g)]) - [C2H4Cl2(g)]
ΔrH = (328 kJ/mol + 432 kJ/mol) - 575 kJ/mol
ΔrH = -215 kJ/mol
Therefore, the enthalpy change for Equilibrium 2 is approximately -215 kJ/mol.
Relate an enzyme's structure to its reaction specificity. (Module 2.18B)
The reaction specificity relates to how much energy is created when the enzyme-substrate complex forms.
The reaction specificity relates to the unique shape of the active site to which only a complementary shape can bind.
The reaction specificity relates to the number of enzymes with the same structure.
The reaction specificity relates to how many active sites are present on the enzyme.
The reaction specificity relates to the size of the enzyme.
Relation of structure of an enzyme to its reaction specificity :The reaction specificity relates to unique shape of active site to which only a complementary shape can bind.
How does the structure of an enzyme determines enzyme's specificity?The relationship between enzyme structure and enzyme specificity is that an enzyme's form, which is a result of its amino acid sequence, determines how specific it is.
An enzyme's three-dimensional structure, which is essential to its normal operation, determines how specific it is. The lock-and-key theory of enzyme activity states that the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme's active site enables the enzyme to bind readily to just certain substrates.
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the drug rocecoxib contains an atom of this element double-bonded to two different oxygens and is better known by the trade name viox
The medicine rocecoxib, often known as viox, comprises an atom of this element double-bonded to two distinct oxygens.
Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate pain and help reduce symptoms of arthritis, such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint discomfort (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis).
People who use NSAIDs (non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as celecoxib, may be more likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than those who do not use these treatments. These occurrences could be fatal and could occur suddenly.
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Which part of Earth absorbs the most sunlight?
oceans
soil
atmosphere
rivers and lakes
The oceans absorb the most sunlight from the options that we have here.
What is the part?Seventy-one percent or more of the surface of the Earth is covered by the oceans. The result is that they get a lot of sunshine. The upper layers of the ocean absorb a large amount of the incoming solar energy, which enters the ocean waters.
Solar radiation is efficiently absorbed by water, especially in the visible light spectrum. The ocean heats the water as a result of absorbing sunshine. The oceans' ability to absorb solar energy is vital for driving a variety of marine phenomena, including currents, circulation patterns, and temperature distribution, as well as managing Earth's climate.
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Answer:
The answer is A. Oceans.
Explanation:
I did the test.
a lewis dot model of a simple hydrocarbon consists of what
Answer:
carbon and hydrogen
Explanation:
the carbon atoms join together to form the frame work of the compound and the hydrogen atoms attach to them in many different configurations
The result of the following calculation has how
many significant figures?
(0.4333 J/g °C) (33.12°C - 31.12°C)(412.1 g)
Answer:
4
Explanation:
All numbers in the calculation are to 4 significant figures.
which of the following statements best predicts the effect of increasing the concentration of substrate (ethyl alcohol), while keeping the concentration of the inhibitor (methyl alcohol) constant?
Because a greater percentage of active sites will be occupied by substrate, competitive inhibition will be reduced.
What distinguishes competitive from noncompetitive inhibition?When the competitive inhibitor attaches to the active site, the substrate is unable to bind there. Although it doesn't prevent substrate binding, the noncompetitive inhibitor attaches to a different spot on the enzyme and alters it in ways that prevent it from efficiently catalyzing the reaction.
What transpires in antagonistic enzyme inhibition?When an inhibitor binds to an enzyme's target molecule, also known as the substrate, this process is known as inhibiting the activity of enzyme catalysis. In order to do this, the active site of the substrate's binding is blocked in some way.
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(a) The equation for the complete combustion of butane is given below. Insert the
missing volumes.
2CH₂(g) + 130₂(g) → 8CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g)
volume of gas/cm
The balanced equation of combustion of the butane is:
2C₄H₁₀ (g) + 13 O₂ (g) → 8 CO₂ (g) + 10 H₂O (g)
The volume of the butane, oxygen, CO₂, and water is 44.8 L, 291.2 L, 179.2 L, and 224 L.
What is the balanced chemical equation?The chemical equation is said to be balanced if the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the chemical equation.
The law of conservation of mass should be followed while balancing of a chemical equation. By obeying this law, the total mass on both sides of the equation will be equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Given the equation is 2 C₄H₁₀(g) + 13 O₂ (g) → 8 CO₂ (g) + 10 H₂O (g)
The moles of the butane = 2 mol
The volume of the butane = 2 ×22.4 = 44.8 L
The volume of the oxygen = 13 ×22.4 = 291.2 L
The volume of the carbon dioxide = 8 ×22.4 = 179.2 L
The volume of the water = 10 ×22.4 = 224 L
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When putting hydrogen peroxide on an open wound, the wound begins to bubble and foam. Has a chemical reaction occurred? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Bubbling can indicate a chemical reaction
Explanation:
Chemical reaction takes place with the beginning of bubbles and foam when hydrogen peroxide is put onto an open wound. This compound does not only heal the wound but also damages the body as it also kills the nearby healthy cells.
What is a chemical reaction?
Chemical reaction is a process which leads to chemical transformation of a chemical substance into another.
Hydrogen peroxide bubbles when it comes into contact with an enzyme called catalase. Most of the cells in the body contain catalase enzyme, so whenever the tissue is damaged, the enzyme catalase is released from the cell and it becomes available to react with the peroxide ion.
Hydrogen peroxide applied on a cut produces a white, fizzling foam which is actually a sign that the solution is killing the bacteria as well as the healthy cells around it.
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plz, help me it's urgent
Answer:
Explanation:
A is solid, b is melting, c is freezing, d is liquid, e is evaporating, g is gas, and f is condensation.
Hello Mikaela!
Let's start from the top, letter G. Letter G should be gas. Letter F should be condensation. Letter E should be evaporation. Letter D should be liquid. Letter C should be freezing. Letter B should be melting. And letter A should be solid.
I really hope this helps!!
Was rays birthday lit
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Yes.
Answer:10-1707
Explanation:
The stem of a plant is made of several types of tissue that work together.
Which type of structure is the stem of a plant?
a: cell
b: tissue
c: organ
d: organ system
. Choose the best answer from the given alternatives 9.Rate of dissociation of a solution is largely depends up on; A. Inter- particle force B. Pressure of the system C. Temperature of the system D. surface area of the solid solute
Rate of dissociation of a solution is largely depends up on surface area of the solid solute.The correct option is D
What is dissociation?Dissociation can be defined as chemical reaction in which a compound breaks apart into two or more components. The general formula for a dissociation reaction follows the form: AB → A + B.
Therefore dissociation reaction may occur when one molecule is divided to form two smaller ones leading to a decrease in energy. Dissociation reactions result in the break down of a large molecule to form smaller products.
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The student's lab manual says to mix some of his Na2CO3 solution with an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)
i What evidence of a chemical reaction would he expect to see? Explain your answer.
ii Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction. Include state symbols.
iii What kind of reaction is this?
i When sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is mixed with an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4), the student can expect to see several evidence of a chemical reaction:
Formation of a solid precipitate: When these two solutions are mixed, a solid precipitate of copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3) will form. This is a sign that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Change in color: The reaction between sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate will also result in a change in color. The solution may turn a blue or green color, indicating the presence of copper(II) ions.
Release of gases: The reaction between sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate may also produce gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2).
ii The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate is:
2Na2CO3(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → 2Na2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s)
iii This is a double displacement reaction, also known as a metathesis reaction. In this type of reaction, the cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) of the reactant compounds exchange places to form the products. In this case, the sodium ions (Na+) and the copper ions (Cu2+) exchange places to form sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and copper carbonate (CuCO3).
compare the packing efficiency of face-centered cubic gold and face-centered cubic sodium chloride considering all the atoms.
In the gold unit cell, packing is more effective. The sodium chloride unit cell has a greater packing efficiency. In both lattice structures, packing is equally efficient.
How much of an atom from a unit cell's face is actually within the cell?Two unit cells share an atom on a face, therefore only one of these cells is the owner of the entire atom.
The definition of cubic tight packing is which of the following?An example of cubic close packing is a crystalline structure in which planes of densely packed atoms or ions are arranged in a sequence of three alternating layers with various relative orientations.
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The dotted arrow in this reaction is a placeholder. Select the arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products. -CECAH -CEC-L Identify the correct arrow descriptor.
To solve this, we must know each and every concept related to mechanisms of organic reaction. Therefore, the arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products is the equilibrium arrow. The correct option is option A.
What are mechanisms of organic reaction?The technique of just an organic reactions is just the order of the steps in the process, giving information on which bonds are produced and/or disrupted in each step.
Understanding the processes of organic reactions is vital for understanding Organic Chemistry and for being able to harness the reactions to generate useful molecules. The arrow that best describes the relationship between the reactants and products is the equilibrium arrow.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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The following concentrations are found in mixtures of ions in equilibrium with slightly soluble solids. From the concentrations given, calculate Ksp for each of the slightly soluble solids indicated:
(a) TlCl: [Tl+] = 1.21 Ã 10â2 M, [Clâ] = 1.2 Ã 10â2 M (b) Ce(IO3)4: [Ce4+] = 1.8 Ã 10â4 M, [IO3â] = 2.6 Ã 10â13 M (c) Gd2(SO4)3: [Gd3+] = 0.132 M, [SO42â] = 0.198 M (d) Ag2SO4: [Ag+] = 2.40 Ã 10â2 M, [SO42â] = 2.05 Ã 10â2 M (e) BaSO4: [Ba2+] = 0.500 M, [SO42â] = 4.6 Ã 10â8 M
Ksp for each of the slightly soluble solids
The solubility product constant, also known as the equilibrium constant, is the rate at which a solid material called the solute solubility in an aqueous solution. It is equal to the product of the ionic species on the product side multiplied by the coefficient of each ion with in chemical process. The maximum extent to which a solvent can dissolve in a solution is shown by the Ksp of each dissolution reaction, which is determined by the solubility rules. The max number of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at balance is defined as solubility. The state in which the concentration levels of products and reactants are continuous after the reaction has occurred is referred to as equilibrium.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP
A sample of a gas has a volume V1 = 3L at a temperature T1 = 290K. Determine V2 when the temperature is T2
= 700K, while the pressure remains constant.
a.- 7.00L
b.- 7.24L
c.-2.74L
What is the difference in oxidation state of chromium in chromate and dichromate salts ?
ty! :)
The difference in the oxidation state of chromium in chromate and dichromate salts is 0 as chromium has an oxidation number of +6 in both salts.
What are chromate and dichromate salts?Chromates and dichromates are salts of chromic acid and dichromic acid, respectively.
Chromate salts contain the chromate ion, CrO₄²-, and have an intense yellow color. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate ion, Cr₂O₇²−, and have an intense orange color.
The chromium atoms are in oxidation state +6 in both, and the chromate and dichromate ions are fairly strong oxidizing agents.
Chromium in the +6 (or VI) oxidation state is often referred to as hexavalent chromium.
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Which months have an average high of 47 degrees Fahrenheit
Answer:
Explanation:
july
give the balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore. phases are optional (liquid, aqueous, etc.). balanced equation:
The reaction mechanisms of dissolution processes are discussed for the balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore is GeO2 + heat= Ge+O2(g)
What is a compound example?The material which has been created by joining two or more distinct elements chemically in science is termed as compound. Examples of compounds are table salt (NaCl), which is generated from the elements sodium and chloride, and water (H2O), which is created from the components hydrogen and oxygen.The balanced equation for the recovery of germanium from its oxide ore is GeO2 + heat= Ge+O2(g)
What are the 3 main compounds?Compounds can be created by forming bonds between atoms of different types of elements. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are the three basic forms of bonds. Different kinds of compounds are created by these different kinds of chemical connections.To know more about compounds visit
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which of the following statements about the packing of monatomic solids with different unit cells is incorrect? note: coordination number is the number of nearest neighbors at the same distance to a given atom. for example, the metal atom in the center of a body centered cubic unit cell has a coordination number of 8.
It is untrue that a bcc structure packs monatomic solids more effectively than just a fcc structure because it uses different unit cells.
How do FCC and BCC structures work?The central atom and the eight eighths from of the corners make up the BCC unit cell's final atomic composition, which is two atoms overall. Again, there seem to be eight atoms in the unit cell's corners in the FCC layout, and one atom is positioned in the middle of each face. The neighboring cell and the molecule in the face are connected.
What exactly is a steel BCC structure?Since the atom in this novel shape is located in the cube's body, it is known as a body-centered cubic structure (see the diagram below). Iron in its phase, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, or molybdenum are a few metals that have this crystalline structure.
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the equilibrium constant, , for the following reaction is 55.6 at 698 k. calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and product when 0.230 moles of and 0.230 moles of are introduced into a 1.00 l vessel at 698 k.
The equilibrium concentration of reactants and products are i.e.
[H2]=0.049,[I2]= 0.049,[HI]=0.36.
What is equilibrium concentration?
When the products and reactants remain constant over time, a chemical is said to be at equilibrium concentration. In other words, the rate of forward reaction in a chemical reaction must equal the rate of backward reaction in order for there to be chemical equilibrium, also known as equilibrium concentration.
For detailed calculation please refer attached file.
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Which factors were affected by the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea? Check all that apply.
the shape of Earth’s orbit
global wind patterns
ocean currents
the tilt of Earth’s axis
global climates
Answer:
Global wind patterns
Ocean currents
Global climates
Explanation:
Edge2021 correct
The factors that were affected by the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea include global wind patterns, ocean currents, and global climates.
What was Pangea?The Pangea was a super-landmass that originally gave rise to all continents on the Earth planet.
According to the theory of continental drift, the Pangea break up millions of years ago to generate the continents.
This theory (continental drift) has been replaced by the tectonic plate model, but the idea of Pangea has still support in the scientific community.
In conclusion, the factors that were affected by the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea include global wind patterns, ocean currents, and global climates.
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It is thought that when molten copper is cooled and solidified it can take in some oxygen from the air. This may slightly decrease the conductivity of the copper.
Suggest why the conductivity might be decreased.
The conductivity of copper can be decreased when it takes in oxygen from the air and forms copper oxide on the surface or when oxygen impurities are present in the material. Copper oxide is a poor conductor of electricity compared to pure copper, and the presence of oxygen impurities can disrupt the regular arrangement of copper atoms and hinder the flow of electrons, leading to a decrease in conductivity.
How many molecules of H20 are present in 7.30 g of water?
Answer:
2.44×10²³ molecules
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mass of H₂O = 7.30 g
Number of molecules of H₂O =?
From Avogadro's hypothesis:
1 mole of H₂O = 6.02×10²³ molecules
1 mole of H₂O = (2×1) + 16
= 2 + 16
= 18 g
Thus,
18 g of H₂O = 6.02×10²³ molecules
Finally, we shall determine the number of molecules present in 7.3 g of H₂O. This can be obtained as follow:
From Avogadro's hypothesis:
18 g of H₂O = 6.02×10²³ molecules
Therefore,
7.3 g of H₂O = 7.3 × 6.02×10²³ / 18
7.3 g of H₂O = 2.44×10²³ molecules
Thus, 7.3 g of H₂O contains 2.44×10²³ molecules
balance the following equation
I just know that much if my answer is helpful please mark it brainlist
b. complete the following table. tell if the molecule is polar or nonpolar, draw the lewis structure for the molecule, give the shape of the molecule, and state what the most significant intermolecular force affecting the molecule would be. (16 points) sci2 cbr4
Based on the Lewis structure, SCl₂ is a polar molecule whereas CBr₄ is a non-polar molecule.
Lewis dot structures, also known as electron dot structures, are pictorial representations that show the interatomic chemical bonds in a molecule. They also depict how many lone pairs are overall in each atom that makes up the molecule. Common names for Lewis dot structures include electron dot structures and Lewis structures. Lewis described an acid as an electron pair acceptor, while a base is an electron pair giver. One dot is included in a Lewis Electron Dot Formula along with the symbol of the element and each valence electron.
Hence, Lewis structure denotes nature of molecules
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