Early tables of atomic weights (masses) were generated by measuring the mass of a substance that reacts with 1.00 g of oxygen. Given the following data and taking the atomic mass of hydrogen as 1.00, generate a table of relative atomic masses for oxygen, sodium, and magnesium. How do your values compare with those in the periodic table? How do you account for any differences?

The percent composition is calculated by dividing the mass of an atom by the total mass of the compound multiplied by 100.

percentage of atom= (mass of atom/molecular mass) X 100

The atomic weight of magnesium Mg is 24.3. The atomic weight of oxygen is 16.0.

The total mass is (24.3+16.0 = 40.3)

put values in formula to calculate percentage,

Percentage of magnesium= (24.3/40.3) X 100

Percentage of magnesium= 60.29%.

The percent composition of magnesium in magnesium oxide is 60.29 %.

molecular mass

Molecular mass of an element is defined as the sum of the masses of the elements present in the molecule.

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The % mass of copper in your product will be 3.93 %.

Calculated slope = 64.52

Mass of copper product = 0.059 g

Initial volume (V1) = 25 ml

Final volume (V2) = 100 ml

Absorbance (A) = 0.374

% mass of copper = ?

To find out the concentration (C) we use the following equation

C = A / slope

Put the values

C (M2) = 0.374 / 64.52

C (M2) = 0.005797 g/L

To calculate M1 we use the following equation.

M1V1 = M2V2

M1 = 0.005797 * 100 ml / 25 ml

M1 = 0.0232 g/L

mass of copper = Penny solution x Volume

mass of copper  = 0.0232 g/L x 0.1 L

mass of copper = 0.00232 g

% mass of copper = (total mass of copper ÷ mass of penny) x 100

% mass of copper = (0.00232/ 0.059 ) x 100

% mass of copper = 3.93 %

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The value of density in kg/m³ is equal to 0.00088 kg/m³.

The metric system can be demonstrated as a system of measurement that is composed after the decimalized system based on the meter.  Each of the fundamental dimensions can be represented by a single base unit of measurement.

For parameters derived from the base units of the system, units derived from the base units can be used such as the square meter being the derived unit for the area, a parameter derived from length.

Metric units can be defined as units based on the gram, meter, or second and decimal multiples.

Given the density in the unit of g/cm³.

Density = 0.0088 g/cm³

We know that 1 Kg = 1000 g

⇒ 1 g = 10⁻³ Kg

We know that 1 m = 100cm

1 cm = 10⁻² m

Therefore, Density = 0.0088 × 10⁻³Kg/10⁻² m³

Density = 0.00088 kg/m³

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The order of the elements in decreasing first ionization energy is He > Cl > H > Ca > Rb.

In physics and chemistry, ionization energy, ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the weakest bound electron from an isolated atom, positive ion, or molecule. The ionization energy of an atom, denoted Ei, is measured by finding the minimum energy of a light quantum (photon) or electron being accelerated to a known energy that would repel loosely bound atomic electrons. . Measurements are made in the gas phase on single atoms.

On the periodic table, the first ionization energy usually increases as you move from left to right over a period of time. This is because the increased nuclear charge causes the outermost electron to bind more strongly to the nucleus.

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Depressed freezing point because the solute changed the solvent's molecular structure, causing it to refreeze at a lower temperature. More solute supplied generates a higher boiling point because the solute interacts with the solvent, requiring more energy to bring to a boil.

What is a pure solvent?

When mating surfaces are in close contact and no gap filling is necessary, pure solvents, which have just one component, are employed to affix thermoplastics.

Depressed freezing point because the solute changed the solvent's molecular structure, causing it to refreeze at a lower temperature. More solute supplied generates a higher boiling point because the solute interacts with the solvent, requiring more energy to bring to a boil.

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Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore,  production of 39 g of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex] requires consumption of 53.6g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.

moles of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]= mass of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]/molar mass of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex]

                        =39 g /26.04

                        = 1.49moles

for 1 mole of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex], 2 moles of H[tex]_2[/tex]O is required.

for 1.49 moles of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex], 2×1.49=2.98 moles of H[tex]_2[/tex]O is required.

mass of water= moles× Molar mass

                       = 2.98×18

                       =53.6g

Therefore,  production of 39 g of C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_2[/tex] requires consumption of 53.6g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction 2NH3 equilibrium N₂ + 3H2 is given as 6 × 104. This value indicates the relative concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium.

To determine the correct option among the choices given (a, b, c, or d), we need to know the concentration units of the equilibrium constant. Without this information, it is not possible to determine which of the given options is correct.

The equilibrium constant is usually expressed in terms of the concentration of the reactants and products in the reaction. For example, if the concentration units for the equilibrium constant are mol/L, then the correct option could be one of the following:

a. 1.12 × 10^3: This option has the correct units (mol/L) but the value is incorrect.

b. 1.67 * 10^5: This option has the correct units (mol/L) but the value is incorrect.

c. 1.51 × 10^-3: This option has the correct units (mol/L) but the value is incorrect.

d. 1.67 x 10^-5: This option has the correct units (mol/L) but the value is incorrect.

Without more information about the concentration units of the equilibrium constant, it is not possible to determine which of the given options is correct.

Dangerous pathogens won't be reduced sufficiently without sanitizer. A surplus could be harmful.

Sanitizers are substances that have the ability to eradicate microorganisms, including the bacteria responsible for food poisoning and other diseases. When used properly, they can reduce the number of bacteria on surfaces to a safe level.

Concentrations higher than necessary can be hazardous, detrimental to flavour and odour, corrosive to metals and other materials, and residue-producing. Over time, a chlorine bleach sanitising solution starts to lose part of its effectiveness.

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HI is the Bronsted-Lowry acid and water is the Bronsted-Lowry base, it accepts the H⁺.

According to Bronsted Lowry theory:

Acid is the one that release a proton

Base is the one that accept a proton

HF is the acid, it donates the proton to water.

Water is the base, it accepts the H⁺

HI (aq)  +  H₂O(l)   →   H₃O⁺  (aq)   +   I⁻ (aq

HF is the acid, it donates the proton to water.

Water is the base, it accepts the H⁺

The Bronsted-Lowry hypothesis, sometimes known as the proton theory of acid and base, was devised by English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry and Swedish scientist Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted.

According to the theory, when an acid and a base react, the acid trades its proton for the base's conjugate base, and the base for the acid's conjugate proton.

The Bronsted-Lowry hypothesis is an enlarged version of the Arrhenius theory of acid-base.

The Arrhenius theory states that while base increases the concentration of OH- ions in an aqueous solution, acid increases the concentration of H+ ions.

The Arrhenius hypothesis' disadvantage is that it can only be used to identify an acid-base interaction in an aqueous medium.

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The process of enzymes is called enzymatic action and the in terms of body it is known as digestion.

The response then occurs, changing the substrate into merchandise and forming an enzyme merchandise complicated. The merchandise then go away the energetic site of the enzyme. The first step of an enzyme catalyzed response is catalytic turnover the binding of substrate via way of means of the enzyme the discharge of product dissociation of the ES complicated ES -> E + P. An enzyme-catalyzed response may be more or less divided into 3 stages: enzyme-substrate binding, "catalysis" and product release.

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Answer: Ozone

Explanation:

Ozone, O3, also known as Trioxygen, is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen. Ozone is the allotrope, or behavior, of oxygen that is less stable than O2.

our chemistry lab. The chem 21 is a requirement for us. Basically, we were using a plate to chem lab it by one chemical to one.

Your Instructor has defined tolerances, which the Chem21 computer uses to score your response. This week's theme was about solving ten test tube mysteries. You will be informed on the website whether you are required to round your response chem lab to the correct number of Significant Figures; otherwise, you need just enter a number that lies between the correct amount minus

Here are some Chemistry Practical Class 12 experiments that will help students effectively prepare for their exams. I Making potash alum or ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt. Identifying a cation and an anion in a.

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When sodium bicarbonate breaks down into sodium carbonate and water this reaction comes under the category of a chemical change.

Decomposition and pH are two common chemical properties of sodium bicarbonate. The pH tells us about the number of (H+) ions present in the compounds. It helps us to identify whether a given substance is acidic , basic or neutral in nature.

A chemical change happens when a reaction takes place , whereas a physical change happens when something changes shape but not its chemical properties.

Physical changes are reversible whereas chemical changes are irreversible. Example , melting of ice is physical change whereas burning of paper is chemical change.

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After that, the speeds of the molecules are calculated at the two different temperatures as given in the question and then, the ratio is calculated by dividing.

Here, T is the temperature,

         m is the mass of the molecules and

         R is the Gas constant.

Let's taken an example of the two temperatures are as follows:

[tex]T_{1}[/tex]=270K

[tex]T_{2}[/tex]=30K

We know that the root mean square speed of the molecules is given as:

 [tex]V_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M} }[/tex]

Putting the values of the temperatures and calculating the root mean square speeds of the molecules:

[tex]V_{rms1} = \sqrt[]{\frac{3R*270}{M} }[/tex]

[tex]V_{rms2} = \sqrt{\frac{3R*30}{M} }[/tex]

Dividing the above two root mean square speed equations in order to get the ratio of the two, we get,

⇒ [tex]\frac{V_{rms1} }{V_{rms2} } = \frac{\sqrt{\frac{3R*270}{M} } }{\sqrt{\frac{3R*30}{M} } }[/tex]

⇒ [tex]\frac{V_{rms1} }{V_{rms2} } = \sqrt{\frac{9}{1} }[/tex]

⇒ [tex]\frac{V_{rms1} }{V_{rms2} } = \frac{3}{1}[/tex]

Hence, the ratio of the root mean square speeds of the molecules of an ideal gas at 270K and 30K is 3:1.

Note: It is important to note that the root-mean-square speed is the measure of the speed of particles in a gas, defined as the square root of the average velocity-squared of the molecules in a gas. The mass and the Gas constant values for a particular gas remain the same and only temperature is the variant.

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The Lewis structure is a simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or to connect electrons as a line between two atoms.

1) Ethyl acetate: [tex]C_{4}H_{8}O_{2}[/tex]

Ethyl acetate is a widely used solvent, especially for paints, varnishes, lacquers, cleaning compounds, and perfumes. Like last week's MOTW, dichloromethane, is used as a solvent to reduce coffee grounds. In the laboratory, ethyl acetate is a common solvent for column and thin layer chromatography.

2. Acetaminophen:

Acetaminophen is an active ingredient in hundreds of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications. It relieves pain and fever. Acetaminophen can also be combined with other active ingredients in medications that treat allergies, coughs, colds, flu, and insomnia. In prescription  acetaminophen is found along with other active ingredients to treat severe pain. Acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage if used more than prescribed. The FDA has taken action to improve consumer safety when using acetaminophen.

3) Phenacetin:

Phenacetin has been used as an analgesic and antipyretic in both human and veterinary medicine for many years. It was introduced in treatment in 1887 and was widely used in analgesic mixtures until it was included in kidney diseases (nephropathy) due to the abuse of analgesics. Phenacetin was also once used as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide in hair bleaching preparations.

4-Caffeine

Caffeine is a stimulant, which means it increases activity in your brain and nervous system. Caffeine also increases the circulation of chemicals in the body like cortisol and adrenaline. In small doses, caffeine can make you feel relaxed and focused.

5.Aspirin

Aspirin is a common medicine to relieve minor aches, pains, and fever. Also, people use it as an anti-inflammatory or blood thinner.

Aspirin can buy by people can buy  over the counter without a prescription. Daily benefits include relieving headaches, reducing inflammation, and reducing fever.

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Due to the reason that inner d-orbitals do not belong to the outermost shell, these electrons are not included in valence electronic configuration

The electrons in an atom's outermost energy level or shell are known as valence electrons. With six valence electrons, oxygen has two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.

Ti is a transition metal with valence electrons in d orbitals since it is an element of the d block.

Normally, only electrons at the highest energy level are considered as valence electrons, however for transition metals, electrons in the d-orbital state following the preceding noble gas configuration are also counted. Fe contains 8 valence electrons, for instance, and its electron configuration is [Ar]3d^64s^2.

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The concentration of a solution which contains 16 gram of urea in 20 gram of solution is 80%.

Concentration in chemistry is a quantitative measure of the amount of solute in a given solution. It is usually expressed in terms of the amount of solute per unit volume of solution. It is commonly used to determine the amount of reactants or products in a reaction. It is also used to measure the amount of dissolved substances in a given sample, such as the amount of salt in seawater.
Urea is a non-volatile solute, meaning it does not evaporate when the solution is heated. Therefore, the concentration of the solution remains the same throughout the heating process.
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Answer:

The four (4) most important elements found in cells that form covalent bonds are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

Explanation:

The final product of the given series of reactions is shown in the attached diagram below.

In organic chemistry, hydroboration can be described as the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to double and triple bonds involving carbon (C=C, C=O, and C≡C).

Hydroboration forms organoborane compounds that react with a variety of reagents to form useful compounds, such as alcohols, or alkyl halides. The mostly known reaction of the organoboranes is oxidation to form alcohols by hydrogen peroxide.

Hydroboration is typically anti-Markovnikov according to which the hydrogen adds to the most substituted carbon of the alkene bond. Hydroboration proceeds through a four-membered transition state where both B and H are added on the same face of the double bond. The plane through which they are added is generated less hindered face.

After the addition of Boron, we get OH after the oxidation of BH₂ with H₂O₂. PBr₃ is used for the conversion of OH into Br and then base NaOEt will give eliminating reaction so the final product is an alkene.

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They create a redox reaction between zinc solid and zinc ions using additive plating. As a result, neutral zinc atoms were produced, which were then deposited onto copper coins.

A technique for coating one metal on top of another called electroplating. Typically, this is carried out for decorative, industrial, or coin-making purposes.

There are two methods for coating a metal:

1. Additive plating

2: Displacement plating

In additive plating, a species in a solution that contributes electrons reduces metal ions. Now, the reduced metal begins to deposit on top of another metal.

When the plating metal is present in the solution during displacement plating, a metal with a lower oxidation number displaces a metal with a higher oxidation number.

The only method used by counterfeiters to create fake coins is additive plating, in which the coinage metal is deposited on top of another base metal.

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A chemical is any substance whose composition is known. A chemical always consists of the same "substance," to put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature.

Chemical science is the branch of natural science that investigates the composition of substances as well as their properties and reactions. It is defined as the study of matter options include chemistry.

The study of chemistry and biology is combined in a field of research known as chemical biology. To study and influence biological processes, chemists commonly utilize analytical tools, tiny compounds produced by synthetic chemistry, and chemical instrumentation.

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Among the given compounds all are having chiral centres since the  central carbon is attached to different groups.

A compound become chiral if it contains at least one chiral centre that is., a carbon atom with four different valencies. For example CFClBrI is chiral since the carbon atom is joined with four different groups.

Chiral compounds are optically active and have stereoisomers. The first given compound is chiral , where the second carbon with the OH group is attached with four different groups. One is OH, second is H, and one is CH₃ group and the last one is CH (CH₃)₂.

The second compound is also chiral where the carbon with the OH group has four different valencies. The third one is also chiral with a carbon atom having four different groups. Hence, all of the compounds are chiral.

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The pH of the strong acid /strong base for different volumes are 1.00,1.51,7,12.523.

What is pH?

Water's pH level indicates how acidic or basic it is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 acting as a neutral value. A pH of greater than 7 denotes a base, while one of less than 7 suggests acidity. The pH scale really measures the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a solution.

Using the concept of titration we can calculate pH for each volumes.

Using pW=pH+pOH

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In the above intermediate chemical equation, oxygen will appear as follows: O₂(g) as a reactant (option B).

A chemical equation in chemistry is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.

According to this question, an intermediate chemical equation is presented as follows:

As observed in the above chemical equation, oxygen will react in its gaseous form i.e. as a reactant.

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Propyne with 1 mole HBr describes an unsymmetrical addition reaction.

When a neutral reagent is added to a neutral alkene, the negative side of the reagent attaches itself to a neutral carbon atom that has a smaller number of hydrogen atoms than the positive side of the reagent.

The addition of H-X to a rational alkene such as propene produces a rational alkene. (given in image 2)

Propene and but-1-ene are examples of unsymmetrical alkenes because the groups or atoms attached to either end of the carbon-carbon double bond are unbalanced.

A hydrogen and a methyl group are found at the end of the double bond in propene, but two hydrogen atoms are found at the opposite end of the double bond in hexane. (given in image 4)

Due to the presence of these non-covalent alkenes, it is possible to obtain two different products from some addition processes. When HX molecules are added to propene, you can get one of the following reactions as given in image 3.

It depends on which side of the circuit you add HX across the two connections to determine the answer. In fact, in most cases, it is the second response that occurs. As we have described it, the hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom on the right side. This is my machine.

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Answer:(a)(i) Y is Conc. H2SO4, Z is HCl(g) or hydrogen chloride

(ii) Acidify a solution of X with dilute HNO3 and add AgNO3(aq). White ppt. soluble in aqueous ammonia confirms the presence of chloride. E.g. add solution of X to Pb2+ solution to get a white ppt. soluble when hot, reappearing on cooing.

Explanation:

The ratio of root mean square velocity of molecules of the ideal gas is 2.

The root mean square is the sum of the squares of the individual velocity values divided by the number of values.

The root mean square is the same as the root mean square velocity.

An ideal gas is considered a monoatomic molecule with molecular mass equal to one.The root mean square velocity([tex]V_{rms}[/tex])  of an ideal gas is calculated by the formula below.

[tex]V_{rms} =[/tex] [tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{1} ^{2} + V_{2} ^{2} +V_{3} ^{2} +....V_{n} ^{2}}{n} }[/tex]

In terms of temperature, the formula is

[tex]V_{rms} =[/tex][tex]\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{w} } }[/tex]

n= Number of molecules

R= Universal gas constant (8.314 J [tex]K^{-1}[/tex] [tex]mol^{-1}[/tex])

T=Temperature(in Kelvin)

[tex]M_{w}[/tex]= Molecular weight of gas

ratio = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3R \ 240}{M_{w} } }}{\sqrt{\frac{3R \ 60}{M_{w} } }}[/tex]

        = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{240} }{\sqrt{60} }[/tex]

        = 2

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According to molar concentration, the molarity of  sucrose in the final solution is 0.0584 M.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.

In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.

Initially the molarity of sucrose is determined as, number of moles /volume of solution in liters which is 0.146/0.2=0.0292 moles and then molarity after dilution is determined as, M₁V₁=M₂V₂, on substitution M₂=0.0292×10/50=0.0584 M.

Thus, the molarity  of sucrose in this final solution is 0.0584 M.

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